My 2.5 days in San Francisco: MX 2010
Saturday PM: Sunshine!
I actually began to sweat under my blazer from the warm sun shining brightly through the window.
I had arrived in San Francisco a little early on Saturday, dropped my suitcase off at the Intercontinental Hotel, and walked around the corner to a sandwich shop for a bite to eat and to get online. As I draped my coat over the back of the chair, I decided I really like San Francisco. It's the sun, I admit it. Oh, and I had already noted that the two billboards I noticed on the taxi from the airport were pure tech: one for an enterprise search system and another for PGP. Billboards talking to me? Amazing.
After settling in at the hotel, I had dinner with my old colleague Chris Burley and his girfriend at a nice Italian restaurant. Chris is awesome. I love talking with him because he has such passion for what he does, which currently is to help lead efforts like urban farming in the Bay area.
Sunday AM: 3 good things
The next morning I woke early due to the time zone difference, and I had three excellent experiences:
- In the aching fog of caffeine deprivation, had the best cup of coffee of my life, thanks to the Blue Bottle Café. (I admit, I ordered a second cup to go.)
- Paused in the Yerbe Buena Gardens where some elderly practiced tai chi and parents snapped photos as their little children hid behind a waterfall. I stood on a bridge and watched the morning sun ripple on the glass of San Francisco skyscrapers.
- Crashed a church service at a music venue called Mezzanine put on by a group that calls itself IKON. I was the oldest person there, amidst a crowd of art school students. We sang, we listened to a teaching from the Word, we had communion. It was good.
Sunday PM: MX day 1
Sunday afternoon saw the start of the 2010 MX Conference. The series of talks was fantastic, and was kicked off with a keynote by Jared Spool in which he shared insights like that Gallup's Customer Engagement (CE11) metric has high correlation to the quality of user experience and that three core attribute to great user experience in an organization are vision (as in 5 year vision), feedback, and culture, and he posed corresponding questions to hold the organization to, on each point.
The following presentations covered many topics like shifting focus to strategy from tactics, designing across channels to cover all customer touch points, dealing with conflict, how to be a design manager instead of a designer, managing user experience within organizations, and more. The talks validated where I've been trying to push at work, and gave some crucial ideas to help me better advocate, manage, and execute user experience work.
After the conference reception, I wound down the evening by taking a walk around a few blocks and ending at a nearby bar. I ate a burger and watched the Academy Awards for a while. Back at the hotel I watched the end of a Clint Eastwood Western flick and fell asleep.
Monday AM+PM: MX day 2
I woke at 4 in the morning. I checked analytics, email, and my usual RSS feeds. I stretched, washed, dressed, and still had time to kill. I read a few chapters in The Shack, a book Adam gave me last week.
I chatted throughout the day with Haakon, a usability specialist attending from the design company Tarantell in Norway, and as he sipped his coffee, I decided to not mention my mere three hour time difference.
The rest of the day was another series of excellent presentations. Themes: customer (more than user) experience, vision that guides the business, new models for working in the network, UX leadership stories from Youtube, customer experience in renovation of thinking at Harvard Business Review Online, understanding the holistic customer, data-driven design decisions (and when not to rely on data for design decisions), experience design as business strategy, and operating as a chief experience officer in your company.
It was great to hear first-hand the stories from these user experience leaders. Now, for what to do with it all when returning to the office.
Tomorrow and then
Tomorrow morning I fly back to Michigan, and need to get my head back into product owner and user experience work. But I also need to hold onto the ideas from this conference, and shift into actively leading user (or is that customer) experience work at Covenant Eyes.
Argh! I’m pen-less!
Pen-less. It's 9:30 in the evening, and I need to write out some thoughts (about a split-complementary color set).
At work last Friday, the pen that I've had with me for some months now finally gave up its last ink. It was a Pilot Precise V5, black.
My habit has been to have that pen in my left front pants pocket, reliably at hand. I guarded it, making sure to have it back if I let a colleague or a daughter use it for a moment. I gave other pens like it away, but kept that one.
Of course I have other pens. Bic ball-point pens: the kind you get in bulk in the plastic bags during back-to-school sales. I hate those pens. They fail so often, and you have to drag the ink out of them, scraping across paper. Scribble in circles first just to get them warmed up. Lazy bastards. Then you have to draw across your strokes again, filling in ink on the empty indentations of your first pass at writing.
I'm irritated at myself for getting into this pen-less position. Luckily, I have Plan B: pencils and a sharpener.
Experience theme for Covenant Eyes
Cindy Chastain's article, "Experience Themes," at Boxes and Arrows outlines a neat way to package the concepts that help user experience designers put creative work into context.
When I was leading many design/development projects at a time, I'd write a creative brief for each—it helped me and the team stay clearheaded about each project. An experience theme seems like an alternative to a creative brief.
The following thoughts apply Chastain's article to my work at Covenant Eyes.
Covenant Eyes is rich with stories
At Covenant Eyes, Inc., we have a full-time blogger, Luke. As I see it, Luke's job is to draw out the stories surrounding Covenant Eyes and to share them using the Internet. He's our storyteller.
What are the roles? There are so many stories, from people in so many places in life.
- husbands, fathers
- wives, mothers
- children
- pastors, rabbis
- counselors
- porn addicts, recovering porn addicts, people who have beaten the addiction
- and the list continues
What are some theme concepts?
- For people fighting a problem with pornography: Learn to be honest again (These words come from Michael Leahy's mouth while he was visiting our offices.)
- For mothers with children who use the Internet: Protect my family
- For fathers with a teenage son: Teach him to be responsible for his actions
Experience transcends our services
What work do we do at our company? Although others I work with may claim we deliver software, I think we deliver information. Our software allows us to provide information-rich reports on Internet usage that can be used within relationships. I think of these as "accountability relationships."
The theme concepts listed above have little to do with software or even our service. The real value we provide is that we can provide the sense for people that what could be their little secret is not actually hidden. That little bit of knowledge has proven its ability to change lives, and relationships, for the better.
The hard part is carrying the experience theme across our touch points with users
I recently helped put together a spreadsheet to inventory the automated emails we send to users at various points. There were over 60 emails, and they fulfill needs ranging from billing concerns to helpful reminders after a few weeks of being a customer. Many of these messages should be revised, and keeping the theme in mind will help create a coherent experience for our users.

Covenant Eyes has multiple touch points with its users.
Beyond these emails is a myriad of other touch points:
- sign up form
- help documents
- filter settings controls
- accountability reports
- tech support phone calls
- blog posts
- and so on
Taken all together, these communications can benefit from an experience theme.
I suspect the key to pulling this off is to have all those involved with crafting these touch points understand the experience theme and leave it to them to carry it through. As the company's user experience lead, my job may be to facilitate the definition and adoption of an experience theme, and motivate and lead by example so others will carry the vision.
A Sad Tale of Pagination
I imagine some professional chefs are accused of over-analyzing a bowl of soup now and then. Like that, as a user experience designer, I get caught up in little pieces of user interface on a regular basis.
This particular story concerns a navigation system that utilizes pagination in what at first seems an obvious choice, but upon observation it is clear that this is a very poor approach.
Background: Company setting
Covenant Eyes, Inc., is an 8 year old software company in Michigan with about 50 employees. About a dozen are customer service representatives, some for enterprise customers and some for individual or family accounts. There are about 10 in the IT team, which includes myself.
Background: What service does our company provide? Internet accountability.
Take 2 actors, George and his friend Paul. George is addicted to online porn, but he really wants to beat his addiction because he feels it is wrong and could really mess up his life. To attack his problem, George installs our software on his computer. The software keeps tabs on George's activity, and once a week sends a report of that activity over to Paul. Paul can then talk with George about George's Internet activity. It seems simple, but removing the anonymity of his addiction is powerful.
The point, in a nutshell, is accountability. If George is trying to kick some bad online habits, his friend Paul now has information in these reports that he can use to hold George accountable.
The current design calls for pagination
These Accountability Reports are like executive summaries that include links over to what we call the "Detailed Logs." This log is a full list of URLs that George visited.
Depending on the amount of activity, the log may have thousands of entries for Paul to navigate.
When these logs first became available, customers' download speeds were more of an issue than they are today, so the developers knew that they could not simply put all the entries on a single page because the pages would take far too long to load.
Pagination to the rescue! The developers broke up the long list of URLs into pages, each page having 50 URLs. To help Paul navigate this long series of pages, numbered page links and "Previous" and "Next" links were placed at the top and bottom of each page.
So, let's say Paul is looking at page 50. He would see something like the pagination navigation shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Pagination
This seems a good approach on two fronts.
- Paul won't wait to download one page with over 8,000 URLs on it, but if we divide that time into, in this case, 165 separate downloads, each page will seem pretty quick.
- Pagination will work for Paul because he uses pagination on nearly every search engine results page. It's nothing new to him.
Bingo. Problem solved. Right?
But why does it take so many clicks to find the right info?
I was standing next to Mike, one of our Customer Service Representatives, and asked him a seemingly simple question. "Mike, can you bring up that log and show me what was going on last Tuesday at 11:32 AM?"
I did not intend it to be a usability test, but it might as well have been. Mike helps people every day by walking them through reports and logs, so he is as expert as anyone gets at navigating these logs. Yet, the basic task of finding a page with a specific time on it was accomplished by a series of guesses, each slightly more informed than the previous guess. It took 8 tries before Mike got us to the right page.
Since then, I have seen people repeatedly click the "Next" button, flipping through each page to find the one page they want. With 165 or so pages in a log, this can take far more than 8 clicks.
If someone knows the date and time they want to view in a Detailed Log, shouldn't they be able to get to that page without guessing on the first try?
20/20 hindsight: Why is it so hard to find the right page?
Pagination is a valid interface design pattern, and is perhaps most often seen on search engine result pages. Still, it does not work well here.
So, why doesn't pagination work here? Thinking in information architecture terms can help answer the question.
Pagination is a metaphor from the print world
We've all grown up reading books and magazines, and so page numbers are a tool we take for granted. In print, they are used to keep track of where we left off so we can pick back up at the right point. They are also used as non-digital hypertext, like in a magazine where we see "continued on page 58."
On the web, pagination has become something slightly different, but the metaphor carries over well enough to work for us. On search results pages, we now expect to see a pagination interface at the bottom of the search results to allow us to continue to the next page of 10 or 20 links. One difference on the web is that we expect those links on the first page to have higher relevancy than those on the following pages.
So, on the web pagination is an answer to a finding question, and is based on an underlying organizational system of quantity ordered by relevancy.
However, in this case, the list is ordered by time but paginated by quantity. In this case, people want to find by time, but quantity is not metered evenly against time. So, page 1 might have 50 entries that cover 5 seconds of activity, and page 2 might have 50 entries that cover 32 hours of activity. There is no predictability of how much time will be represented from page to page of results, and that is why people are left with so much guess-work.
Match the interface to the underlying information architecture and users' information needs
In recent work, we've shifted to a time-based pagination (Figure 2) from a quantity-based pagination (Figure 1). We think this will go a long way towards helping people find what they want without having to guess.

Figure 2. Find-by-time instead of pagination.
I've observed a few users have their first contact with this revised interface, and it has worked well so far. We may have introduced other usability issues in the process, but this is a step in the right direction.
Moral of the story?
Before implementing a user interface design pattern, be sure you first understand the information architecture and users' information needs. Otherwise you risk using the wrong pattern, hurting your users' experiences, and missing out on an opportunity for innovation and good design.
Next week: IUE2009
I'll be at the Internet User Experience 2009 conference in Ann Arbor, MI this week with a crew of coworkers.
In addition to the conference itself on Wednesday and Thursday, I'll attend 2 full-day tutorials:
- Use Cases in an Agile World
- Field Research for User Experience Design
I'm looking forward to the events, and intend to blog about the highlights. Stay tuned!
I educate
Slightly over a year ago, I switched careers from website producer, consultant, and business owner to technology educator.
I entered an organization in the midst of its ongoing, subtle identity crisis. Do we think of ourselves as trainers? We are called that, sometimes, because we give short courses and workshops on various computing topics, and these topics are often thick with training on using specific software packages. For example, how to use Microsoft Access.
At first, I didn't know what to call myself. Trainer? Instructor? Teacher?
Over the past months, as I've proceeded to teach courses on a variety of topics in computing, I know that I'm an educator. Even when teaching a course on Excel, I strive to not just have the learners practice with the software, but to understand why the software works as it does. My hope is that they leave the course not only with the knowledge of how to do the fairly mundane tasks of sorting columns and using functions, but to also conceptualize and understand their data in ways that empower them to creatively bend Excel to their own purposes.
Beyond that, I've always recoiled emotionally from the word "trainer." I do not wear shiny black boots, a whip, and a whistle. "Right-click! Good boy. Have a treat."
Please, stop. I expect far, far more out of my fellow humans than a simple ability to jump through hoops. I expect ingenuity, creativity, tenacity.
So, all that said, this morning I read an essay, Human-Centered Design by Mike Cooley, from "Information Design," edited by Jacobsen (published in 1999 by The MIT Press). Here is an excerpt that I appreciate.
My hierachy of verbs in these matters is that you program a robot, you train an animal, but you educate human beings. Education in this sense is not just what occurs in schools or universities, where, so often, students and teachers are, as Ivan Illich points out, "schooled to confuse teaching with learning, grade advancement with education, a diploma with competence, and fluency with the ability to say something new" (Illich 1971:9).
Well said.
Transitioning into this job
I thought I wanted a career, but it turns out I only wanted a paycheck.
I read that quote, it was taped to a cash register at Espresso Royale, back in July, about a month into my job as a technology trainer at the university, after having spent seven years producing web sites full-time.
Tomorrow marks six months into this job, and I'm beginning to work through the transition. Here are some ideas I'm starting to grasp—or at least wrestle with.
Work can be easy and it can be slow-paced.
Compared to starting and running an Internet consulting company for the last three years, and managing multiple web site productions for the last six or seven years, this job is a snap. There are far fewer deadlines and there just isn't a lot of complexity or change in the work.
Plus, my role is far narrower than it was. I don't need to be concerend about managing client relationships, doing accounting and other paperwork (which I stink at anyway), doing sales, writing proposals. And, I have far more time to produce far less.
However, just because it is easier, doesn't mean I'm less concerend about doing it well. I like teaching most of these short technology courses, and I've been able to create some new courses by drawing on my background. I want to increase the quality of the overall program, and since I am not in a management position, one way I can do this is by example and contribution.
Do I want a career or simply a paycheck?
So, I don't have an answer to this one. I have had a career in the field of web production. I am no longer actively participating in that field, though I don't really feel like I've grown rusty yet. I have been keeping up on industry news and have continued conversations with colleagues who are still active in the industry.
In a skilled trade, people would develop their careers roughly by becoming an Apprentice, then a Journeyman, then a Master. And they would live by their trade. It seems like switching to a different trade would be foolish after a point.
Yet, that is what I have done. And it seems common these days, doesn't it? People reinvent themselves. They change careers several times in their lives, right? Some do, anyway.
I think I would rate myself a fairly advanced Journeyman web producer. I have built or led development on hundreds of web sites since 1995. I've specialized in web site usability, information architecture, project management, writing for the web, and semantic markup. I have mentored a handful of developers and designers, a few of whom continue to work in the field.
I am not sure what it would take to be a Master, and unlike former times, I was able to study under many Masters, without their knowledge. Names? In no particular order: J. Nielsen, D. Norman, E. Meyer, J. Zeldman, the pros at Adaptive Path (I found Peter Merholz's blog years ago and later discovered some cool things that jjg was doing), L. Rosenfeld, P. Morville, and as I think, so many others.
What would possess me to make such a drastic move away from my career in web production? Desperate measures follow desperate times, so it goes.
So, at this point I'm much closer to a career in web production. But, if I spend a few years doing technology training then it might start looking like a career in technology training. Which would I like more? At this point, I prefer web production as it is more dynamic and challenging work.
But I don't dislike what I'm doing now. It helps that I have a good supervisor, a steady income that can be budgeted (unlike the variations in income as a self-employed person), and benefits for my family. Oh, and tomorrow I get to start using vacation time. I haven't had a vacation in about four years.
Which is to say, right now I'm working for the paycheck.
Stillness
Early last month, Andy Johanson retired from the university. He had worked here for nearly forty years.
Forty years in the same building, the same office. Incredible. Seriously, I'm in awe.
My work history shows much more frequent changes. I worked for four or five years at the MSU Writing Center, a year or so at the LCC Writing Center, three years at University Relations here at MSU, then three years in my company. And now, I'm half a year into this position.
How does someone stay in the same type of position for so long? Granted, Andy's job itself must have gone through substantial changes as it is in the computing field. Still, how did he last forty years? One piece of that picture that impresses me is that he didn't seem in a rut or all that burnt-out. Maybe he is just good at hiding it, but I've seen other people who've worked in university or state jobs for a long time, and God forbid I should ever become so cynical and detached.
At the risk of people at MSU reading this, I've already applied for a different job, though it didn't work out. I saw a position open at a company in Ann Arbor, Michigan for a Manager of Interface Design and it really matched up with what I want to do. It involved managing and mentoring a team of interface designs for a company whose products are delivered via the web. When I've had the opportunity to, I have really enjoyed managing and mentoring web designers and developers, so that would suit me. And, it would involve not only interface design, but also getting to the root of the information architecture of their products. The company called and let me know that they had already decided to promote someone internally to that position. They asked if I was interested in an interface designer position. I'm not. If I move, it will need to be into a leadership and management position, I think.
I'm trying to quiet my spirit and accept where I am and my changed role, at least for the time being.
Photo: MSU Writing Center crew from way back
Chey showed me this picture a day or so ago. I think Jill Pennington (shown in the photo, middle row, second from the right) lent it to her. It was weird to see—it is from a completely different time of life. A good time, but very, very far removed from now. It even pre-dates Chey.
I'd try to name all the people, but I'm embarrassed to say I don't remember all the names. Some I see are Mark Hara, Brad Kik, David Mosher, Sharon Thomas, Jill Johnson (now Pennington), Julie Bevins, Aimee Brazil, Laura Julier…and many others who I remember, but whose names escape me. It has been so long.
So, anyone from the MSU Writing Center who remember the names?
Incidentally, this photo was taken in a small enclosed garden inside of Bessey Hall on MSU's campus. I'm guessing that it was taken in Spring of 1996. Give or take a year.

